CRPS RSD Care Background

CRPS / RSD Treatment in Patna

CLINICAL OVERVIEW

Understanding Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS / RSD)

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) or Causalgia, is a severe neuro-inflammatory and sympathetic nervous system disorder that typically develops in an arm or leg following a fracture, sprain, minor surgery, or trauma.

The hallmark of CRPS is pain that is disproportionately severe and prolonged compared to the inciting minor injury. The sympathetic nervous system becomes hyperactive and "locked" into an abnormal feedback loop, causing autonomic dysregulation:

  • Vasomotor Instability: Dramatic temperature fluctuations (limb turns burning hot or icy cold) and skin color changes (mottled red, purple, or pale).
  • Sudomotor Changes: Asymmetrical localized sweating and severe swelling (edema).
  • Trophic Changes: Abnormal rapid nail and hair growth or brittle nails, accompanied by muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

Early Interventional Sympathetic Blocks (Stellate / Lumbar Ganglion) and Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) break this abnormal sympathetic storm, restoring microvascular circulation, calming severe allodynia, and preventing permanent limb dystonia.

CRPS Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Vasomotor Changes and Stellate Ganglion Pathway
Autonomic Dysregulation
Sympathetically Maintained Pain & Cutaneous Microvascular Spasm
CLASSIFICATION & PHASES

CRPS Types & Clinical Phases

Understanding whether you have Type 1 (RSD) or Type 2 (Causalgia) and identifying your current disease phase.

PHASE 1 (ACUTE)

Warm / Inflammatory Phase

Limb is warm, red, and intensely swollen. Severe burning pain and allodynia (cotton touch hurts). Rapid nail growth.

Golden Window: Sympathetic Ganglion Block / PRF
PHASE 2 (DYSTROPHIC)

Cold / Ischemic Phase

Limb turns icy cold, cyanotic (purple/blue), and mottled. Severe skin shiny tightness, brittle nails, and joint stiffness.

Best Intervention: Sympathetic RFA & Ketamine Infusions
PHASE 3 (ATROPHIC)

Atrophic / Fixed Dystonia

Severe muscle wasting, tendon contractures, osteoporosis (Sudeck's atrophy), and locked claw hand or club foot contracture.

Best Intervention: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
BUDAPEST CRITERIA

Our 4-Step Diagnostic Protocol for CRPS

Applying validated international Budapest Diagnostic Criteria to detect CRPS early and avoid permanent contractures.

1

Budapest Clinical Exam

Screening 4 categories: sensory (allodynia), vasomotor (temperature >1°C delta), sudomotor (edema/sweat), and motor/trophic signs.

2

Digital Thermography / X-Rays

Bilateral comparative digital X-rays to detect patchy periarticular demineralization (Sudeck's Bone Atrophy).

3

High-Resolution Ultrasound

Dynamic ultrasound scan of peripheral nerve trunks (Median/Ulnar or Tibial/Peroneal) to rule out discrete nerve laceration (CRPS-2).

4

Diagnostic Sympathetic Block

Gold Standard: Image-guided Stellate / Lumbar block. Immediate limb warming and >75% pain drop confirms SMP.

SPECIALIZED PROCEDURES

Interventional Treatments for CRPS / RSD

Advanced daycare procedures performed under live fluoroscopic C-Arm and ultrasound guidance by Dr. Shrutika Bhagat in Patna.

Stellate Ganglion Block for Upper Limb CRPS
Upper Limb Gold Standard

Stellate Ganglion Block & PRF

Ultrasound-guided precision delivery of local anesthetic or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) at the C6/C7 vertebral level, shutting down hyperactive sympathetic outflow to the shoulder, arm, and hand.

  • Warms cold arm and stops burning instantly
  • Unlocks finger movement and reduces swelling
Lumbar Sympathetic Radiofrequency Ablation for Lower Limb CRPS
12-24 Mos Relief

Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion RFA

C-Arm fluoroscopy-guided thermal neurolysis at the L2/L3 levels, providing long-term deactivation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone to the knee, leg, ankle, and foot.

  • Eliminates foot discoloration & burning
  • Enables normal weight-bearing walking
Spinal Cord Stimulation SCS for Refractory CRPS
Neuromodulation

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS / DRG-S)

FDA-approved gold standard for chronic intractable CRPS: epidural leads deliver electrical field stimulation to dorsal columns or DRG, overriding burning pain signals and reversing limb dystonia.

  • Proven success in Stage 2 and Stage 3 CRPS
  • Temporary trial period to confirm pain drop
Peripheral Nerve Hydrodissection for Traumatized Nerves
Hydrodissection

Ultrasound Nerve Hydrodissection

Precision ultrasound-guided fluid release of scarred, adhered peripheral nerves (median, radial, peroneal) trapped in postoperative or post-fracture scar tissue.

  • Restores free nerve sliding and mobility
  • Removes localized entrapment ischemia
Intravenous Ketamine & Lidocaine Infusions
NMDA Receptor Reset

Ketamine & Lidocaine Infusions

Monitored sub-anesthetic intravenous infusions of NMDA receptor antagonists to "re-boot" centralized spinal wind-up and suppress widespread neuropathic hyperalgesia.

  • Resets chronic central pain sensitization
  • Performed in monitored daycare suite
Graded Motor Imagery & Mirror Therapy
Rehabilitation

Graded Motor Imagery (GMI)

Structured neuro-cognitive rehabilitation using left/right limb recognition, explicit motor imagery, and mirror visual feedback to restore normal brain cortical representation of the limb.

  • Reclaims lost cortical hand/foot mapping
  • Essential for long-term functional recovery
TREATMENT COMPARISON

Passive Waiting / Immobilization vs. Early Interventions

Why immobilizing a CRPS limb is dangerous and why early sympathetic blocks are vital.

Clinical Feature Passive Immobilization & Painkillers Alone Early Sympathetic Blocks & Neuromodulation
Risk of Permanent Contracture Extremely high (Limb freezes into permanent clawing & dystonia) Near zero; enables immediate pain-free active joint mobilization
Microvascular Blood Flow Worsening vasoconstriction turns limb ischemic, cyanotic & cold Restores normal arterial circulation, warmth & capillary flow
Bone Mineral Density Rapid severe osteopenia (Sudeck's patchy bone atrophy) Protects bone mineral density through restored weight-bearing
Tactile Touch Tolerance Patient cannot tolerate water, clothes, or light touch for years Extinguishes allodynia, allowing normal hand/foot washing & wear
Time to Treatment Months of wasted time on ineffective anti-inflammatory pills Immediate 20-minute outpatient intervention in golden window
Dr. Shrutika Bhagat - Interventional Pain & Spine Endoscopy Specialist in Patna
Fellowship-Trained Spine Specialist

Dr. Shrutika Bhagat

MBBS, MD, FIRA, FIAPM | Interventional Pain & Spine Endoscopy

Dr. Shrutika Bhagat brings super-specialized training in full-endoscopic spine surgery and image-guided interventional pain management, having successfully treated thousands of patients with severe back pain, disc prolapse, sciatica, nerve compression, and joint arthritis in Patna.

FAQS

CRPS / RSD FAQs

Clinical answers regarding Stellate/Lumbar blocks, why pain spreads after trauma, and Spinal Cord Stimulation.

In CRPS, the normal post-injury inflammatory response fails to shut down. Instead, sensory and sympathetic nervous system fibers form an abnormal loop of cross-talk (Sympathetically Maintained Pain), causing blood vessels to stay in persistent spasm and sensory nerves to amplify pain by 100-fold.
Under live ultrasound or C-Arm guidance, local anesthetic is injected directly onto the sympathetic nerve chain (Stellate ganglion for arm, Lumbar ganglion for leg). This breaks the spasm loop, opens up microvascular blood flow (warming the cold limb), and provides an immediate window to perform active physiotherapy.
Keeping a CRPS limb immobilized in a cast or sling deprives the brain of normal sensory feedback, accelerating muscle atrophy, joint contracture, bone demineralization, and central brain reorganization. Early mobilization after a nerve block is the key to preventing permanent disability.
When sympathetic blocks provide only temporary relief or when CRPS has progressed into the chronic dystrophic/atrophic phase (>6 months), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) or DRG stimulation is the proven long-term solution. It delivers mild electrical current to block pain signals before they reach the brain.
In early Stage 1 CRPS, a series of 2 to 4 sympathetic blocks combined with aggressive physiotherapy and mirror therapy often resolves the syndrome completely. In chronic cases, long-lasting Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) or SCS is considered.
Please bring all previous X-rays, MRI scans, surgical records from the initial injury or operation, EMG/NCV studies (if done), and your current medication list for an urgent evaluation with Dr. Shrutika Bhagat.
CTA Background Pattern
CTA Background
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