Sciatica

Sciatica is a term used to describe the pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg. This condition is typically caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, leading to discomfort and a variety of associated symptoms.

Causes of Sciatica

The most common causes of sciatica include:

1. Herniated Disc: A herniated or slipped disc can press on the sciatic nerve roots, causing pain that radiates down the leg.
2. Spinal Stenosis: This condition occurs when the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the nerves, including the sciatic nerve, which can lead to pain, numbness, or tingling.
3. Degenerative Disc Disease: As discs in the spine naturally wear down with age, they can lose height and flexibility, potentially putting pressure on the sciatic nerve.
4. Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle, located deep in the buttocks, can sometimes irritate or compress the sciatic nerve, leading to pain.
5. Spondylolisthesis: This occurs when a vertebra slips out of place, which can compress the sciatic nerve and cause pain.
6. Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the weight of the baby and changes in posture can lead to nerve compression, causing sciatica-like symptoms.

Symptoms of Sciatica

The symptoms of sciatica vary, but the most common ones include:

• Pain that radiates down the leg: The pain may start in the lower back or buttocks and travel down the back of the thigh, calf, or even to the foot.
• Sharp or shooting pain: This pain can be sudden and intense, often likened to an electric shock or jolt.
• Numbness and tingling: Some individuals experience numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation along the affected leg.
• Weakness in the leg or foot: In severe cases, the sciatic nerve compression can lead to weakness in the leg, making it difficult to move or control the foot.
• Pain that worsens with movement: Activities such as standing up, sitting for long periods, or lifting heavy objects can aggravate sciatica pain.

Diagnosis

To diagnose sciatica, Dr. Shrutika Bhagat will typically perform a physical examination and may ask the patient to perform specific movements to identify the location and severity of the pain. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be ordered to determine the underlying cause of the nerve compression, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.

Treatment Options for Sciatica

Treatment for sciatica typically begins with conservative measures, and only in severe cases will surgery be considered. Treatment options include:

1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
   • Physical Therapy: A customized exercise program can strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility, and reduce nerve compression.
   • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and anti-inflammatory medications can help manage pain and inflammation.
   • Hot and Cold Therapy: Applying heat or ice packs to the affected area can provide relief from pain and swelling.
   • Epidural Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections around the sciatic nerve can reduce inflammation and provide relief from severe pain.
   • TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): A TENS unit can be used to stimulate the nerves and help reduce pain.
2. Surgical Treatments:
   If non-surgical treatments are unsuccessful and sciatica symptoms are severe or debilitating, surgery may be considered. Surgical options may include:
   • Discectomy: Removal of a portion of a herniated disc that is pressing on the sciatic nerve.
   • Laminectomy: Removal of part of the vertebrae to create more space for the spinal nerves and alleviate nerve pressure.
   • Spinal Fusion: In cases of degenerative disc disease or spinal instability, spinal fusion may be recommended to stabilize the spine and relieve nerve compression.
3. Lifestyle Modifications:
   • Posture and Ergonomics: Maintaining proper posture while sitting, standing, and lifting can prevent additional stress on the lower back and sciatic nerve.
   • Weight Management: Reducing excess weight can alleviate strain on the spine and decrease the likelihood of sciatic nerve compression.
   • Exercise: Regular low-impact exercises, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, can help maintain spinal health and prevent further episodes of sciatica.

Why Choose Dr. Shrutika Bhagat for Sciatica Treatment?

Dr. Shrutika Bhagat specializes in the diagnosis and management of sciatica and other nerve-related conditions. With a comprehensive approach to treatment, including both non-invasive methods and, when necessary, surgical interventions, she ensures that each patient receives the most effective care.